thanos Installation Guide Installation Guide

thanos is a free and open-source highly available Prometheus setup with long term storage. Thanos provides unlimited storage capacity for Prometheus metrics with global query view, serving as an open-source alternative to Cortex or commercial monitoring solutions

Hardware Requirements:

CPU: 2+ cores per component

RAM: 2GB minimum per component

Storage: 10GB+ for local cache

Network: gRPC between components

Operating System:

Linux: Any modern distribution (RHEL, Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS, Fedora, Arch, Alpine, openSUSE)

macOS: 10.14+ (Mojave or newer)

Windows: Windows Server 2016+ or Windows 10

FreeBSD: 11.0+

Network Requirements:

Port 10901 (default thanos port)

Ports 10902 (gRPC), 10903 (HTTP)

Dependencies:

See official documentation for specific requirements

System Access: root or sudo privileges required

This guide supports installation on:

RHEL 8/9 and derivatives (CentOS Stream, Rocky Linux, AlmaLinux)

Debian 11/12

Ubuntu 20.04/22.04/24.04 LTS

Arch Linux (rolling release)

Alpine Linux 3.18+

openSUSE Leap 15.5+ / Tumbleweed

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) 15+

macOS 12+ (Monterey and later)

FreeBSD 13+

Windows 10/11/Server 2019+ (where applicable)

bash

# Install EPEL repository if needed
sudo dnf install -y epel-release

# Install thanos
sudo dnf install -y thanos

# Enable and start service
sudo systemctl enable --now thanos

# Configure firewall
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=10901/tcp
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

# Verify installation
thanos --version

bash

# Update package index
sudo apt update

# Install thanos
sudo apt install -y thanos

# Enable and start service
sudo systemctl enable --now thanos

# Configure firewall
sudo ufw allow 10901

# Verify installation
thanos --version

bash

# Install thanos
sudo pacman -S thanos

# Enable and start service
sudo systemctl enable --now thanos

# Verify installation
thanos --version

bash

# Install thanos
apk add --no-cache thanos

# Enable and start service
rc-update add thanos default
rc-service thanos start

# Verify installation
thanos --version

bash

# Install thanos
sudo zypper install -y thanos

# Enable and start service
sudo systemctl enable --now thanos

# Configure firewall
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=10901/tcp
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

# Verify installation
thanos --version

bash

# Using Homebrew
brew install thanos

# Start service
brew services start thanos

# Verify installation
thanos --version

bash

# Using pkg
pkg install thanos

# Enable in rc.conf
echo 'thanos_enable="YES"' >> /etc/rc.conf

# Start service
service thanos start

# Verify installation
thanos --version

bash

# Using Chocolatey
choco install thanos

# Or using Scoop
scoop install thanos

# Verify installation
thanos --version

bash

# Create configuration directory
sudo mkdir -p /etc/thanos

# Set up basic configuration
# See official documentation for detailed configuration options

# Test configuration
thanos --version

bash

# Enable service
sudo systemctl enable thanos

# Start service
sudo systemctl start thanos

# Stop service
sudo systemctl stop thanos

# Restart service
sudo systemctl restart thanos

# Check status
sudo systemctl status thanos

# View logs
sudo journalctl -u thanos -f

bash

# Enable service
rc-update add thanos default

# Start service
rc-service thanos start

# Stop service
rc-service thanos stop

# Restart service
rc-service thanos restart

# Check status
rc-service thanos status

bash

# Enable in /etc/rc.conf
echo 'thanos_enable="YES"' >> /etc/rc.conf

# Start service
service thanos start

# Stop service
service thanos stop

# Restart service
service thanos restart

# Check status
service thanos status

bash

# Using Homebrew services
brew services start thanos
brew services stop thanos
brew services restart thanos

# Check status
brew services list | grep thanos

powershell

# Start service
net start thanos

# Stop service
net stop thanos

# Using PowerShell
Start-Service thanos
Stop-Service thanos
Restart-Service thanos

# Check status
Get-Service thanos

See the official documentation for advanced configuration options.

nginx

upstream thanos_backend {
    server 127.0.0.1:10901;
}

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name thanos.example.com;
    return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}

server {
    listen 443 ssl http2;
    server_name thanos.example.com;

    ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/certs/thanos.example.com.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/private/thanos.example.com.key;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://thanos_backend;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
    }
}

apache

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName thanos.example.com
    Redirect permanent / https://thanos.example.com/
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:443>
    ServerName thanos.example.com
    
    SSLEngine on
    SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/thanos.example.com.crt
    SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/thanos.example.com.key
    
    ProxyRequests Off
    ProxyPreserveHost On
    
    ProxyPass / http://127.0.0.1:10901/
    ProxyPassReverse / http://127.0.0.1:10901/
</VirtualHost>

haproxy

frontend thanos_frontend
    bind *:80
    bind *:443 ssl crt /etc/ssl/certs/thanos.pem
    redirect scheme https if !{ ssl_fc }
    default_backend thanos_backend

backend thanos_backend
    balance roundrobin
    server thanos1 127.0.0.1:10901 check

bash

# Set appropriate permissions
sudo chown -R thanos:thanos /etc/thanos
sudo chmod 750 /etc/thanos

# Configure firewall
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=10901/tcp
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

# Enable SELinux policies (if applicable)
sudo setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect on

See official documentation for database configuration requirements.

bash

# Basic system tuning
echo 'net.core.somaxconn = 65535' | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65535' | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf
sudo sysctl -p

bash

# Check service status
sudo systemctl status thanos

# View logs
sudo journalctl -u thanos -f

# Monitor resource usage
top -p $(pgrep thanos)

bash

#!/bin/bash
# Basic backup script
BACKUP_DIR="/backup/thanos"
DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)

mkdir -p "$BACKUP_DIR"
tar -czf "$BACKUP_DIR/thanos-backup-$DATE.tar.gz" /etc/thanos /var/lib/thanos

echo "Backup completed: $BACKUP_DIR/thanos-backup-$DATE.tar.gz"

bash

# Stop service
sudo systemctl stop thanos

# Restore from backup
tar -xzf /backup/thanos/thanos-backup-*.tar.gz -C /

# Start service
sudo systemctl start thanos

1. Service won't start:

bash

# Check logs
sudo journalctl -u thanos -n 100
sudo tail -f /var/log/thanos/thanos.log

# Check configuration
thanos --version

# Check permissions
ls -la /etc/thanos

2. Connection issues:

bash

# Check if service is listening
sudo ss -tlnp | grep 10901

# Test connectivity
telnet localhost 10901

# Check firewall
sudo firewall-cmd --list-all

3. Performance issues:

bash

# Check resource usage
top -p $(pgrep thanos)

# Check disk I/O
iotop -p $(pgrep thanos)

# Check connections
ss -an | grep 10901

yaml

version: '3.8'
services:
  thanos:
    image: thanos:latest
    ports:
      - "10901:10901"
    volumes:
      - ./config:/etc/thanos
      - ./data:/var/lib/thanos
    restart: unless-stopped

Maintenance

bash

# RHEL/CentOS/Rocky/AlmaLinux
sudo dnf update thanos

# Debian/Ubuntu
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade thanos

# Arch Linux
sudo pacman -Syu thanos

# Alpine Linux
apk update && apk upgrade thanos

# openSUSE
sudo zypper update thanos

# FreeBSD
pkg update && pkg upgrade thanos

# Always backup before updates
tar -czf /backup/thanos-pre-update-$(date +%Y%m%d).tar.gz /etc/thanos

# Restart after updates
sudo systemctl restart thanos

Regular Maintenance

bash

# Log rotation
sudo logrotate -f /etc/logrotate.d/thanos

# Clean old logs
find /var/log/thanos -name "*.log" -mtime +30 -delete

# Check disk usage
du -sh /var/lib/thanos

Official Documentation: https://docs.thanos.org/

GitHub Repository: https://github.com/thanos/thanos

Community Forum: https://forum.thanos.org/

Best Practices Guide: https://docs.thanos.org/best-practices

---

Note: This guide is part of the HowToMgr collection. Always refer to official documentation for the most up-to-date information.

1. Prerequisites

2. Supported Operating Systems

3. Installation

RHEL/CentOS/Rocky Linux/AlmaLinux

Debian/Ubuntu

Arch Linux

Alpine Linux

openSUSE/SLES

macOS

FreeBSD

Windows

Initial Configuration

Basic Configuration

5. Service Management

systemd (RHEL, Debian, Ubuntu, Arch, openSUSE)

OpenRC (Alpine Linux)

rc.d (FreeBSD)

launchd (macOS)

Windows Service Manager

Advanced Configuration

Reverse Proxy Setup

nginx Configuration

Apache Configuration

HAProxy Configuration

Security Configuration

Basic Security Setup

Database Setup

Performance Optimization

System Tuning

Monitoring

Basic Monitoring

9. Backup and Restore

Backup Script

Restore Procedure

6. Troubleshooting

Common Issues

Integration Examples

Docker Compose Example

Maintenance

Update Procedures

Regular Maintenance

Additional Resources

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