Microsoft Exchange Server 2016 is a proprietary messaging and collaboration platform developed by Microsoft for enterprise environments. While Exchange is commercial software, it remains widely deployed in enterprise settings. This guide provides comprehensive installation instructions for those working with existing Exchange deployments.

Important Note on FOSS Alternatives: Before proceeding with Exchange Server, consider these open-source alternatives that provide similar functionality:

Zimbra Collaboration Suite - Full-featured email and collaboration platform

iRedMail - Easy-to-deploy mail server solution with web admin panel

Mail-in-a-Box - Self-hosted email appliance with modern features

Mailcow - Modern mail server suite with Docker-based architecture

SOGo - Groupware server with Microsoft Exchange compatibility

Kopano - Groupware and email platform with Outlook compatibility

Citadel - Complete collaboration suite including email, calendaring, and messaging

Kolab - Secure collaboration and communication platform

CPU: Minimum 2 cores, recommended 4+ cores for production

RAM: Minimum 8 GB, recommended 16+ GB for production environments

Storage: 200 GB minimum for Exchange installation, additional space for mailboxes

Network: 1 Gbps network adapter recommended

OS: Windows Server 2016 Standard or Datacenter Edition

Active Directory: Functional AD Domain Services (2012 R2 or newer)

DNS: Properly configured DNS with MX records

Domain Controller: At least one functional domain controller

SMTP: Port 25 (inbound/outbound)

HTTPS: Port 443 (Outlook Web App, Exchange Admin Center)

HTTP: Port 80 (redirects to HTTPS)

MAPI over HTTP: Port 443

POP3: Port 995 (if enabled)

IMAP4: Port 993 (if enabled)

Schema level: Windows Server 2012 R2 or newer

Forest functional level: Windows Server 2012 R2 or newer

Domain functional level: Windows Server 2012 R2 or newer

WARNING: Exchange Server is proprietary Microsoft software requiring valid licensing. Ensure you have proper licensing before installation.

powershell

# Install required Windows Server features for Exchange 2016
Install-WindowsFeature NET-Framework-45-Features, RPC-over-HTTP-proxy, RSAT-Clustering, RSAT-Clustering-CmdInterface, RSAT-Clustering-Mgmt, RSAT-Clustering-PowerShell, Web-Mgmt-Console, WAS-Process-Model, Web-Asp-Net45, Web-Basic-Auth, Web-Client-Auth, Web-Digest-Auth, Web-Dir-Browsing, Web-Dyn-Compression, Web-Http-Errors, Web-Http-Logging, Web-Http-Redirect, Web-Http-Tracing, Web-ISAPI-Ext, Web-ISAPI-Filter, Web-Lgcy-Mgmt-Console, Web-Metabase, Web-Mgmt-Console, Web-Mgmt-Service, Web-Net-Ext45, Web-Request-Monitor, Web-Server, Web-Stat-Compression, Web-Static-Content, Web-Windows-Auth, Web-WMI, Windows-Identity-Foundation, RSAT-ADDS, ADLDS, Server-Media-Foundation

# Enable additional IIS features
Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName IIS-ManagementScriptingTools,IIS-IIS6ManagementCompatibility,IIS-LegacySnapIn,IIS-ManagementConsole,IIS-Metabase,IIS-WebServerManagementTools,IIS-WebServerRole

# Restart to ensure all features are properly loaded
Restart-Computer

powershell

# Create download directory
New-Item -Path "C:\ExchangePrereqs" -ItemType Directory -Force

# Download Microsoft Unified Communications Managed API 4.0 Runtime
Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/C/4/2C47A5C1-A1F3-4843-B9FE-84C0032C61EC/UcmaRuntimeSetup.exe" -OutFile "C:\ExchangePrereqs\UcmaRuntimeSetup.exe"

# Download Visual C++ Redistributable for Visual Studio 2015
Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://download.microsoft.com/download/9/3/F/93FCF1E7-E6A4-478B-96E7-D4B285925B00/vc_redist.x64.exe" -OutFile "C:\ExchangePrereqs\vc_redist.x64.exe"

# Install UCMA Runtime
Start-Process -FilePath "C:\ExchangePrereqs\UcmaRuntimeSetup.exe" -ArgumentList "/quiet" -Wait

# Install Visual C++ Redistributable
Start-Process -FilePath "C:\ExchangePrereqs\vc_redist.x64.exe" -ArgumentList "/quiet" -Wait

powershell

# Mount Exchange 2016 ISO or extract installation files
# Assuming installation files are in D:\Exchange2016

# Navigate to Exchange installation directory
Set-Location "D:\Exchange2016"

# Run Exchange Setup in unattended mode (modify as needed)
.\Setup.exe /mode:Install /role:Mailbox /OrganizationName:"YourOrganization" /IAcceptExchangeServerLicenseTerms

# For interactive installation with GUI
.\Setup.exe

Post-Installation Setup

powershell

# Load Exchange Management Shell
Add-PSSnapin Microsoft.Exchange.Management.PowerShell.SnapIn

# Verify Exchange installation
Get-ExchangeServer | Format-List Name,Edition,ServerRole

# Configure accepted domains
New-AcceptedDomain -Name "yourdomain.com" -DomainName "yourdomain.com" -DomainType Authoritative

# Set default email address policy
Set-EmailAddressPolicy -Identity "Default Policy" -EnabledEmailAddressTemplates "SMTP:@yourdomain.com"
Update-EmailAddressPolicy -Identity "Default Policy"

powershell

# Generate certificate request for Exchange services
$cert = New-ExchangeCertificate -GenerateRequest -SubjectName "C=US,S=State,L=City,O=Organization,CN=mail.yourdomain.com" -DomainName "mail.yourdomain.com","webmail.yourdomain.com","autodiscover.yourdomain.com" -PrivateKeyExportable $true

# Import certificate after obtaining from CA
Import-ExchangeCertificate -FileData ([System.IO.File]::ReadAllBytes("C:\Certificates\mail.yourdomain.com.p7b"))

# Enable certificate for Exchange services
Enable-ExchangeCertificate -Thumbprint "YourCertificateThumbprint" -Services IIS,SMTP,POP,IMAP

powershell

# Check Exchange service status
Get-Service MSExchange* | Format-Table Name,Status,StartType

# Start Exchange services
Get-Service MSExchange* | Where-Object {$_.Status -eq "Stopped"} | Start-Service

# Stop Exchange services (in proper order)
Stop-Service MSExchangeTransport
Stop-Service MSExchangeIS
Stop-Service MSExchangeADTopology

# Set Exchange services to automatic startup
Get-Service MSExchange* | Set-Service -StartupType Automatic

powershell

# Verify critical service dependencies
Get-Service -Name "MSExchangeADTopology","MSExchangeIS","MSExchangeTransport" | Format-Table Name,Status,StartType

# Check Windows services required by Exchange
Get-Service -Name "W3SVC","IISADMIN","WinRM" | Format-Table Name,Status,StartType

powershell

# Create additional mailbox database
New-MailboxDatabase -Name "MailboxDB02" -EdbFilePath "D:\Exchange\Databases\MailboxDB02\MailboxDB02.edb" -LogFolderPath "D:\Exchange\Logs\MailboxDB02"

# Mount the database
Mount-Database "MailboxDB02"

# Set database quotas
Set-MailboxDatabase "MailboxDB02" -IssueWarningQuota 1.9GB -ProhibitSendQuota 2GB -ProhibitSendReceiveQuota 2.3GB

powershell

# Configure Send Connector for outbound email
New-SendConnector -Name "Internet Send Connector" -Usage Internet -AddressSpaces "SMTP:*;1" -SourceTransportServers "YourExchangeServer" -SmartHosts "smtp.yourprovider.com"

# Configure Receive Connector for inbound email
New-ReceiveConnector -Name "Inbound from Internet" -Usage Internet -Bindings "0.0.0.0:25" -RemoteIPRanges "0.0.0.0-255.255.255.255" -Server "YourExchangeServer"

# Configure message size limits
Set-TransportConfig -MaxReceiveSize 25MB -MaxSendSize 25MB

powershell

# Configure Outlook Web App virtual directory
Set-OwaVirtualDirectory -Identity "YourServer\owa (Default Web Site)" -ExternalUrl "https://webmail.yourdomain.com/owa" -InternalUrl "https://webmail.yourdomain.com/owa"

# Configure Exchange Control Panel
Set-EcpVirtualDirectory -Identity "YourServer\ecp (Default Web Site)" -ExternalUrl "https://webmail.yourdomain.com/ecp" -InternalUrl "https://webmail.yourdomain.com/ecp"

# Configure ActiveSync
Set-ActiveSyncVirtualDirectory -Identity "YourServer\Microsoft-Server-ActiveSync (Default Web Site)" -ExternalUrl "https://webmail.yourdomain.com/Microsoft-Server-ActiveSync"

# Configure Autodiscover
Set-ClientAccessService -Identity "YourExchangeServer" -AutoDiscoverServiceInternalUri "https://autodiscover.yourdomain.com/Autodiscover/Autodiscover.xml"

powershell

# Install IIS Application Request Routing
# Download and install ARR from Microsoft website

# Configure URL Rewrite rules for load balancing
Import-Module WebAdministration

# Create reverse proxy rule for OWA
New-WebConfigurationProperty -PSPath "IIS:\sites\Default Web Site" -Filter "system.webServer/rewrite/rules" -Name "." -Value @{name="ReverseProxyInboundRule1";patternSyntax="ECMAScript";stopProcessing="True"}

Set-WebConfigurationProperty -PSPath "IIS:\sites\Default Web Site" -Filter "system.webServer/rewrite/rules/rule[@name='ReverseProxyInboundRule1']/match" -Name "url" -Value "owa/(.*)"

Set-WebConfigurationProperty -PSPath "IIS:\sites\Default Web Site" -Filter "system.webServer/rewrite/rules/rule[@name='ReverseProxyInboundRule1']/action" -Name "type" -Value "Rewrite"
Set-WebConfigurationProperty -PSPath "IIS:\sites\Default Web Site" -Filter "system.webServer/rewrite/rules/rule[@name='ReverseProxyInboundRule1']/action" -Name "url" -Value "https://internal-exchange-server/owa/{R:1}"

nginx

# /etc/nginx/conf.d/exchange.conf
upstream exchange_servers {
    server 192.168.1.10:443;  # Exchange server IP
    server 192.168.1.11:443 backup;  # Backup Exchange server
}

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name webmail.yourdomain.com;
    return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}

server {
    listen 443 ssl http2;
    server_name webmail.yourdomain.com;

    ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/certs/yourdomain.com.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/private/yourdomain.com.key;
    ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
    ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA512:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA512;
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers off;

    location / {
        proxy_pass https://exchange_servers;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        proxy_ssl_verify off;
    }

    location /owa/ {
        proxy_pass https://exchange_servers;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        proxy_ssl_verify off;
    }
}

powershell

# Enable Windows Firewall
netsh advfirewall set allprofiles state on

# Create firewall rules for Exchange
New-NetFirewallRule -DisplayName "Exchange SMTP" -Direction Inbound -Protocol TCP -LocalPort 25 -Action Allow
New-NetFirewallRule -DisplayName "Exchange HTTPS" -Direction Inbound -Protocol TCP -LocalPort 443 -Action Allow
New-NetFirewallRule -DisplayName "Exchange HTTP" -Direction Inbound -Protocol TCP -LocalPort 80 -Action Allow
New-NetFirewallRule -DisplayName "Exchange POP3S" -Direction Inbound -Protocol TCP -LocalPort 995 -Action Allow
New-NetFirewallRule -DisplayName "Exchange IMAPS" -Direction Inbound -Protocol TCP -LocalPort 993 -Action Allow

# Block unnecessary ports
New-NetFirewallRule -DisplayName "Block POP3" -Direction Inbound -Protocol TCP -LocalPort 110 -Action Block
New-NetFirewallRule -DisplayName "Block IMAP" -Direction Inbound -Protocol TCP -LocalPort 143 -Action Block

powershell

# Disable unused protocols
Set-PopSettings -ProtocolLogEnabled $false
Set-ImapSettings -ProtocolLogEnabled $false

# Configure authentication policies
Set-OrganizationConfig -OAuth2ClientProfileEnabled $true

# Set mailbox audit logging
Set-Mailbox -Identity "Administrator" -AuditEnabled $true -AuditLogAgeLimit 90

# Configure anti-spam settings
Set-ContentFilterConfig -Enabled $true -SCLJunkThreshold 5 -SCLRejectThreshold 7 -SCLDeleteThreshold 9

# Enable malware filtering
Set-MalwareFilterPolicy -Identity Default -Action DeleteMessage -EnableFileFilter $true

powershell

# Configure TLS settings for SMTP
Set-ReceiveConnector -Identity "YourServer\Default YourServer" -TlsAuthLevel DomainSecureEnabled -RequireTLS $true

Set-SendConnector -Identity "Internet Send Connector" -RequireTLS $true -TlsAuthLevel DomainSecureEnabled

# Disable weak cipher suites
New-Item 'HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SecurityProviders\SCHANNEL\Ciphers\RC4 40/128' -Force
New-ItemProperty -Path 'HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SecurityProviders\SCHANNEL\Ciphers\RC4 40/128' -Name 'Enabled' -Value 0 -PropertyType DWORD

Exchange 2016 uses Extensible Storage Engine (ESE) databases. External database setup is not required.

Database Maintenance

powershell

# Configure circular logging (reduces log file growth)
Set-MailboxDatabase -Identity "Mailbox Database" -CircularLoggingEnabled $true

# Set database backup settings
Set-MailboxDatabase -Identity "Mailbox Database" -BackgroundDatabaseMaintenance $true

# Check database health
Get-MailboxDatabaseCopyStatus | Format-List

powershell

# Configure MSExchangeIS memory usage
Set-MailboxDatabase -Identity "Mailbox Database" -IsExcludedFromProvisioning $false -IsExcludedFromInitialProvisioning $false

# Set transport server limits
Set-TransportService -Identity "YourExchangeServer" -MaxConcurrentMailboxDeliveries 20 -MaxConcurrentMailboxSubmissions 20

# Optimize OWA performance
Set-OwaVirtualDirectory -Identity "YourServer\owa (Default Web Site)" -GzipLevel High

powershell

# Move transaction logs to separate drive
Move-DatabasePath -Identity "Mailbox Database" -LogFolderPath "E:\Exchange\Logs"

# Configure database file paths
Move-DatabasePath -Identity "Mailbox Database" -EdbFilePath "D:\Exchange\Databases\MailboxDB.edb"

# Set database maintenance schedule
Set-MailboxDatabase -Identity "Mailbox Database" -MaintenanceSchedule "Sun.1:00 AM-Sun.5:00 AM"

powershell

# Check overall Exchange health
Get-ServerHealth | Where-Object {$_.AlertValue -ne "Healthy"}

# Monitor queue status
Get-Queue | Format-Table Identity,Status,MessageCount,DeliveryType

# Check database status
Get-MailboxDatabaseCopyStatus | Format-Table Name,Status,CopyQueueLength,ReplayQueueLength

# Monitor event logs
Get-EventLog -LogName Application -Source "MSExchange*" -EntryType Error -Newest 50

powershell

# Monitor key performance counters
Get-Counter "\MSExchange Database(Information Store)\Database Cache % Hit"
Get-Counter "\MSExchange Transport Queues(_total)\Submission Queue Length"
Get-Counter "\Process(Microsoft.Exchange.Store.Worker)\% Processor Time"

# Create custom monitoring script
$Counters = @(
    "\MSExchange Database(Information Store)\Database Cache % Hit",
    "\MSExchange Transport Queues(_total)\Submission Queue Length",
    "\Memory\Available MBytes"
)

Get-Counter -Counter $Counters -SampleInterval 5 -MaxSamples 12

powershell

# Configure Exchange logging levels
Set-EventLogLevel -Identity "MSExchange Management\Provisioning" -Level Lowest

# Set message tracking log retention
Set-TransportService -Identity "YourExchangeServer" -MessageTrackingLogMaxAge 30.00:00:00

# Configure IIS log retention
Set-WebConfigurationProperty -PSPath "IIS:\sites\Default Web Site" -Filter "system.webServer/httpLogging" -Name "dontLog" -Value $false

powershell

# Install Windows Server Backup feature
Install-WindowsFeature Windows-Server-Backup -IncludeManagementTools

# Configure backup schedule for Exchange
$BackupPolicy = New-WBPolicy
$BackupTarget = New-WBBackupTarget -VolumePath "F:"
Add-WBBackupTarget -Policy $BackupPolicy -Target $BackupTarget

# Add system state and Exchange volumes
Add-WBSystemState -Policy $BackupPolicy
Add-WBVolume -Policy $BackupPolicy -Volume "C:","D:","E:"

# Set backup schedule
Set-WBSchedule -Policy $BackupPolicy -Schedule 02:00

# Apply the backup policy
Set-WBPolicy -Policy $BackupPolicy

powershell

# Prepare for backup (suspend circular logging)
Set-MailboxDatabase -Identity "Mailbox Database" -CircularLoggingEnabled $false

# Backup script using PowerShell
$BackupPath = "\\BackupServer\Exchange\$(Get-Date -Format 'yyyyMMdd')"
New-Item -Path $BackupPath -ItemType Directory -Force

# Export mailbox to PST (for individual mailbox backup)
New-MailboxExportRequest -Mailbox "user@yourdomain.com" -FilePath "$BackupPath\user-$(Get-Date -Format 'yyyyMMdd').pst"

# Database backup using VSS
Start-Process -FilePath "diskshadow.exe" -ArgumentList "/s C:\Scripts\exchange-backup.txt" -Wait

powershell

# Document recovery procedures
# 1. Restore Windows Server 2016 from backup
# 2. Restore Exchange binaries
# 3. Restore database files
# 4. Mount databases

# Example database restore
Dismount-Database -Identity "Mailbox Database"
# Restore database files from backup
Mount-Database -Identity "Mailbox Database"

# Verify mailbox accessibility
Test-MAPIConnectivity -Identity "Mailbox Database"

powershell

# Check Active Directory preparation status
Get-ExchangeServer | Format-List Name,WhenCreated,AdminDisplayVersion

# Verify schema updates
Get-ADRootDSE | Select-Object schemaNamingContext
Get-ADObject -Identity "CN=ms-Exch-Schema-Version-Pt,CN=Schema,CN=Configuration,DC=yourdomain,DC=com" -Properties rangeUpper

# Test AD connectivity
Test-SystemHealth -Identity "YourExchangeServer" -HealthSet "AD"

powershell

# Check service dependencies
sc.exe qc MSExchangeTransport
sc.exe qc MSExchangeIS

# Verify event logs for errors
Get-EventLog -LogName Application -Source "MSExchange*" -EntryType Error -Newest 10

# Test Exchange services health
Test-ServiceHealth | Where-Object {$_.Role -eq "Mailbox"}

powershell

# Test mail flow connectivity
Test-MailFlow -TargetEmailAddress "test@external.com"

# Check message tracking logs
Get-MessageTrackingLog -Start (Get-Date).AddDays(-1) -Recipients "user@yourdomain.com"

# Verify transport queues
Get-Queue | Where-Object {$_.MessageCount -gt 0}

# Test SMTP connectivity
Test-SmtpConnectivity -Identity "YourExchangeServer"

powershell

# Check certificate status
Get-ExchangeCertificate | Format-List FriendlyName,Subject,Thumbprint,NotAfter,Services

# Test certificate configuration
Test-OutlookConnectivity -ClientAccessServer "YourExchangeServer" -MailboxCredential (Get-Credential)

# Verify SSL configuration
Test-ImapConnectivity -ClientAccessServer "YourExchangeServer" -MailboxCredential (Get-Credential)

powershell

# Check database health
Get-MailboxStatistics -Database "Mailbox Database" | Sort-Object TotalItemSize -Descending | Select-Object -First 10

# Monitor RPC latency
Get-RpcClientAccess | Format-Table Server,TotalRequests,AverageLatency

# Check store worker processes
Get-Process -Name "Microsoft.Exchange.Store.Worker" | Format-Table ProcessName,WorkingSet,CPU

13. Maintenance

Regular Maintenance Tasks

powershell

# Weekly maintenance script
# Check database health
Get-MailboxDatabaseCopyStatus | Where-Object {$_.Status -ne "Healthy"}

# Update Exchange cumulative updates
# Download CU from Microsoft
# Run: .\Setup.exe /Mode:Upgrade /IAcceptExchangeServerLicenseTerms

# Monthly cleanup tasks
# Clean up IIS logs older than 30 days
Get-ChildItem "C:\inetpub\logs\LogFiles" -Recurse | Where-Object {$_.LastWriteTime -lt (Get-Date).AddDays(-30)} | Remove-Item -Force

# Clean up Exchange logs
Get-ChildItem "C:\Program Files\Microsoft\Exchange Server\V15\Logging" -Recurse -File | Where-Object {$_.LastWriteTime -lt (Get-Date).AddDays(-30)} | Remove-Item -Force

powershell

# Check current Exchange version
Get-ExchangeServer | Format-List Name,Edition,AdminDisplayVersion

# Download and install Cumulative Updates
# 1. Stop Exchange services (except AD Topology)
# 2. Run CU installer: .\Setup.exe /Mode:Upgrade /IAcceptExchangeServerLicenseTerms
# 3. Restart server
# 4. Verify functionality

# Post-update verification
Test-SystemHealth
Get-ServerComponentState -Identity "YourExchangeServer"

powershell

# Migrate to new Exchange server
# 1. Install new Exchange server in same organization
# 2. Move mailboxes using migration batches

New-MigrationBatch -Name "UserMigration1" -SourceEndpoint $SourceEndpoint -TargetDeliveryDomain "yourdomain.com" -CSVData ([System.IO.File]::ReadAllBytes("C:\Migration\users.csv"))

Start-MigrationBatch -Identity "UserMigration1"

# Monitor migration progress
Get-MigrationBatch | Format-List Identity,Status,TotalCount,CompletedCount

powershell

# Create new mailbox
New-Mailbox -Name "John Doe" -UserPrincipalName "john.doe@yourdomain.com" -Password (ConvertTo-SecureString "P@ssw0rd123" -AsPlainText -Force)

# Set mailbox quotas
Set-Mailbox -Identity "john.doe@yourdomain.com" -IssueWarningQuota 1.9GB -ProhibitSendQuota 2GB -ProhibitSendReceiveQuota 2.3GB

# Grant full access permissions
Add-MailboxPermission -Identity "shared@yourdomain.com" -User "john.doe@yourdomain.com" -AccessRights FullAccess

# Configure distribution groups
New-DistributionGroup -Name "IT Department" -Alias "IT" -Members "john.doe@yourdomain.com","jane.smith@yourdomain.com"

powershell

# Exchange Web Services (EWS) example
Add-Type -Path "C:\Program Files\Microsoft\Exchange\Web Services\2.2\Microsoft.Exchange.WebServices.dll"

$service = New-Object Microsoft.Exchange.WebServices.Data.ExchangeService([Microsoft.Exchange.WebServices.Data.ExchangeVersion]::Exchange2013_SP1)
$service.Credentials = New-Object System.Net.NetworkCredential("username","password","domain")
$service.AutodiscoverUrl("user@yourdomain.com", {$true})

# Get inbox folder
$folderid = New-Object Microsoft.Exchange.WebServices.Data.FolderId([Microsoft.Exchange.WebServices.Data.WellKnownFolderName]::Inbox)
$inbox = [Microsoft.Exchange.WebServices.Data.Folder]::Bind($service, $folderid)

powershell

# Query Exchange recipients via LDAP
$searcher = New-Object DirectoryServices.DirectorySearcher
$searcher.SearchRoot = "LDAP://CN=Users,DC=yourdomain,DC=com"
$searcher.Filter = "(&(objectCategory=person)(mail=*))"
$searcher.PropertiesToLoad.Add("mail")
$searcher.PropertiesToLoad.Add("displayName")

$results = $searcher.FindAll()
foreach ($result in $results) {
    Write-Host "$($result.Properties.displayname) - $($result.Properties.mail)"
}

powershell

# Create Database Availability Group
New-DatabaseAvailabilityGroup -Name "DAG01" -WitnessServer "FileServer01" -WitnessDirectory "C:\DAG\DAG01"

# Add servers to DAG
Add-DatabaseAvailabilityGroupServer -Identity "DAG01" -MailboxServer "EX01"
Add-DatabaseAvailabilityGroupServer -Identity "DAG01" -MailboxServer "EX02"

# Add database copy
Add-MailboxDatabaseCopy -Identity "Mailbox Database" -MailboxServer "EX02" -ActivationPreference 2

# Configure network settings
Set-DatabaseAvailabilityGroup -Identity "DAG01" -DatabaseAvailabilityGroupIpAddresses "192.168.1.100"

powershell

# Configure Client Access load balancing
Set-ClientAccessService -Identity "EX01" -OutlookAnywhereInternalHostname "mail.yourdomain.com"
Set-ClientAccessService -Identity "EX02" -OutlookAnywhereInternalHostname "mail.yourdomain.com"

# Set up namespace load balancing
Set-OwaVirtualDirectory -Identity "EX01\owa (Default Web Site)" -InternalUrl "https://mail.yourdomain.com/owa"
Set-OwaVirtualDirectory -Identity "EX02\owa (Default Web Site)" -InternalUrl "https://mail.yourdomain.com/owa"

Microsoft Exchange Server 2016 Documentation

Exchange Server 2016 System Requirements

Exchange Server 2016 Prerequisites

Exchange PowerShell Reference

Exchange Server TechNet Forums

Exchange Team Blog

Zimbra Collaboration Suite

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Note: This guide is part of the HowToMgr collection. While this guide covers proprietary Microsoft Exchange Server, we recommend evaluating open-source alternatives that may better fit your organization's needs and philosophy. Always refer to official Microsoft documentation for the most up-to-date licensing and support information.

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Microsoft Exchange Server 2016 Installation Guide