Home Assistant Installation Guide

# Install EPEL repository for additional packages
sudo dnf install -y epel-release

# Install Python 3.11 and development tools
sudo dnf install -y python3.11 python3.11-pip python3.11-devel python3.11-venv \
                    gcc gcc-c++ make git curl wget \
                    systemd-devel libffi-devel openssl-devel \
                    bluez-libs-devel

# Create dedicated homeassistant user
sudo useradd -r -s /bin/bash -d /opt/homeassistant homeassistant

# Create installation directory
sudo mkdir -p /opt/homeassistant
sudo chown homeassistant:homeassistant /opt/homeassistant

# Switch to homeassistant user
sudo -u homeassistant -H -s

# Create and activate virtual environment
cd /opt/homeassistant
python3.11 -m venv .
source bin/activate

# Upgrade pip and install wheel
python -m pip install --upgrade pip wheel

# Install Home Assistant
python -m pip install homeassistant

# Exit homeassistant user session
exit

# Install Docker (required for Supervised)
sudo dnf config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
sudo dnf install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin

# Start and enable Docker
sudo systemctl enable --now docker

# Install additional dependencies
sudo dnf install -y curl jq apparmor-utils systemd-journal-remote

# Download and install Home Assistant Supervised
curl -Lo installer.sh https://github.com/home-assistant/supervised-installer/releases/latest/download/homeassistant-supervised.sh
sudo bash installer.sh --machine qemux86-64

# Update package list
sudo apt update

# Install Python 3.11 and development tools
sudo apt install -y python3.11 python3.11-pip python3.11-dev python3.11-venv \
                    build-essential git curl wget \
                    libsystemd-dev libffi-dev libssl-dev \
                    bluetooth libbluetooth-dev

# Create dedicated homeassistant user
sudo useradd -r -s /bin/bash -d /opt/homeassistant homeassistant

# Create installation directory
sudo mkdir -p /opt/homeassistant
sudo chown homeassistant:homeassistant /opt/homeassistant

# Switch to homeassistant user
sudo -u homeassistant -H -s

# Create and activate virtual environment
cd /opt/homeassistant
python3.11 -m venv .
source bin/activate

# Upgrade pip and install wheel
python -m pip install --upgrade pip wheel

# Install Home Assistant
python -m pip install homeassistant

# Exit homeassistant user session
exit

# Install Docker
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y ca-certificates curl gnupg lsb-release

# Add Docker GPG key
sudo mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg

# Add Docker repository
echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
  $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

# Install Docker
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin

# Install additional dependencies
sudo apt install -y jq curl apparmor systemd-journal-remote

# Download and install Home Assistant Supervised
curl -Lo installer.sh https://github.com/home-assistant/supervised-installer/releases/latest/download/homeassistant-supervised.sh
sudo bash installer.sh --machine qemux86-64

# Update system
sudo pacman -Syu

# Install Python and development tools
sudo pacman -S python python-pip python-virtualenv \
               base-devel git curl wget \
               systemd libffi openssl \
               bluez-libs

# Create dedicated homeassistant user
sudo useradd -r -s /bin/bash -d /opt/homeassistant homeassistant

# Create installation directory
sudo mkdir -p /opt/homeassistant
sudo chown homeassistant:homeassistant /opt/homeassistant

# Switch to homeassistant user
sudo -u homeassistant -H -s

# Create and activate virtual environment
cd /opt/homeassistant
python -m venv .
source bin/activate

# Upgrade pip and install wheel
python -m pip install --upgrade pip wheel

# Install Home Assistant
python -m pip install homeassistant

# Exit homeassistant user session
exit

# Update package index
apk update

# Install Python and development tools
apk add --no-cache python3 py3-pip python3-dev \
                   build-base git curl wget \
                   systemd-dev libffi-dev openssl-dev \
                   bluez-dev linux-headers

# Create dedicated homeassistant user
adduser -D -s /bin/ash -h /opt/homeassistant homeassistant

# Create installation directory
mkdir -p /opt/homeassistant
chown homeassistant:homeassistant /opt/homeassistant

# Switch to homeassistant user
su - homeassistant

# Create and activate virtual environment
cd /opt/homeassistant
python3 -m venv .
source bin/activate

# Upgrade pip and install wheel
python -m pip install --upgrade pip wheel

# Install Home Assistant
python -m pip install homeassistant

# Exit homeassistant user session
exit

# Install Python and development tools
sudo zypper install -y python311 python311-pip python311-devel python311-virtualenv \
                        gcc gcc-c++ make git curl wget \
                        systemd-devel libffi-devel libopenssl-devel \
                        bluez-devel

# Create dedicated homeassistant user
sudo useradd -r -s /bin/bash -d /opt/homeassistant homeassistant

# Create installation directory
sudo mkdir -p /opt/homeassistant
sudo chown homeassistant:homeassistant /opt/homeassistant

# Switch to homeassistant user
sudo -u homeassistant -H -s

# Create and activate virtual environment
cd /opt/homeassistant
python3.11 -m venv .
source bin/activate

# Upgrade pip and install wheel
python -m pip install --upgrade pip wheel

# Install Home Assistant
python -m pip install homeassistant

# Exit homeassistant user session
exit

# Install Homebrew if not already installed
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"

# Install Python 3.11
brew install python@3.11

# Create dedicated homeassistant user directory
sudo mkdir -p /opt/homeassistant
sudo chown $(whoami):staff /opt/homeassistant

# Create and activate virtual environment
cd /opt/homeassistant
python3.11 -m venv .
source bin/activate

# Upgrade pip and install wheel
python -m pip install --upgrade pip wheel

# Install Home Assistant
python -m pip install homeassistant

# Switch to homeassistant user
sudo -u homeassistant -H -s

# Activate virtual environment
cd /opt/homeassistant
source bin/activate

# Start Home Assistant for initial setup (will create config directory)
hass --config /opt/homeassistant/.homeassistant

# Home Assistant will be available at http://localhost:8123
# Complete the onboarding process in your web browser
# Press Ctrl+C to stop after initial setup

# Main configuration directory
/opt/homeassistant/.homeassistant/

# Main configuration file
/opt/homeassistant/.homeassistant/configuration.yaml

# Secrets file (for passwords and API keys)
/opt/homeassistant/.homeassistant/secrets.yaml

# Automations
/opt/homeassistant/.homeassistant/automations.yaml

# Scripts
/opt/homeassistant/.homeassistant/scripts.yaml

# Scenes
/opt/homeassistant/.homeassistant/scenes.yaml

# Custom components
/opt/homeassistant/.homeassistant/custom_components/

# Log file
/opt/homeassistant/.homeassistant/home-assistant.log

# Edit /opt/homeassistant/.homeassistant/configuration.yaml
homeassistant:
  name: Home
  latitude: 32.87336  # Change to your location
  longitude: 117.22743  # Change to your location
  elevation: 430  # Change to your elevation
  unit_system: metric  # or imperial
  time_zone: America/Los_Angeles  # Change to your time zone
  
# Enable advanced mode and disable introduction
system_health:
frontend:
  themes: !include_dir_merge_named themes

# Enable logging
logger:
  default: info
  logs:
    homeassistant.core: debug

# Enable history and recorder
history:
recorder:
  purge_keep_days: 7

# HTTP configuration
http:
  server_port: 8123
  ssl_certificate: /path/to/certificate.pem  # Optional
  ssl_key: /path/to/private.key  # Optional

# Create systemd service file
sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/homeassistant.service > /dev/null <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Home Assistant
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=homeassistant
Group=homeassistant
WorkingDirectory=/opt/homeassistant
ExecStart=/opt/homeassistant/bin/hass -c "/opt/homeassistant/.homeassistant"
RestartForceExitStatus=100
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

# Reload systemd and enable service
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable homeassistant.service

# Service management commands
sudo systemctl start homeassistant    # Start service
sudo systemctl stop homeassistant     # Stop service
sudo systemctl restart homeassistant  # Restart service
sudo systemctl status homeassistant   # Check status
sudo journalctl -u homeassistant -f   # View logs

# Create OpenRC service file
sudo tee /etc/init.d/homeassistant > /dev/null <<'EOF'
#!/sbin/openrc-run

name="Home Assistant"
description="Open source home automation"

user="homeassistant"
group="homeassistant"
pidfile="/var/run/homeassistant.pid"
command="/opt/homeassistant/bin/hass"
command_args="-c /opt/homeassistant/.homeassistant --pid-file ${pidfile} --daemon"
command_background="yes"

depend() {
    need net
    after firewall
}
EOF

# Make executable and enable
sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/homeassistant
sudo rc-update add homeassistant

# Service management commands
sudo service homeassistant start    # Start service
sudo service homeassistant stop     # Stop service
sudo service homeassistant restart  # Restart service
sudo service homeassistant status   # Check status

# Create launchd plist file
sudo tee /Library/LaunchDaemons/io.homeassistant.plist > /dev/null <<EOF
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
    <key>Label</key>
    <string>io.homeassistant</string>
    <key>ProgramArguments</key>
    <array>
        <string>/opt/homeassistant/bin/hass</string>
        <string>-c</string>
        <string>/opt/homeassistant/.homeassistant</string>
    </array>
    <key>RunAtLoad</key>
    <true/>
    <key>KeepAlive</key>
    <true/>
    <key>StandardErrorPath</key>
    <string>/opt/homeassistant/homeassistant.log</string>
    <key>StandardOutPath</key>
    <string>/opt/homeassistant/homeassistant.log</string>
</dict>
</plist>
EOF

# Load and start service
sudo launchctl load /Library/LaunchDaemons/io.homeassistant.plist
sudo launchctl start io.homeassistant

# Service management commands
sudo launchctl start io.homeassistant   # Start service
sudo launchctl stop io.homeassistant    # Stop service
sudo launchctl unload /Library/LaunchDaemons/io.homeassistant.plist  # Disable

# Basic syntax
key: value
key_with_list:
  - item1
  - item2
key_with_dict:
  subkey: value

# Including other files
group: !include groups.yaml
automation: !include_dir_list automations/
script: !include_dir_named scripts/

# Using secrets
api_key: !secret weather_api_key

# Set environment variables for Home Assistant
export HASS_SERVER_HOST=0.0.0.0
export HASS_SERVER_PORT=8123

# Add to ~/.bashrc or systemd service file
Environment=HASS_SERVER_HOST=0.0.0.0
Environment=HASS_SERVER_PORT=8123

# Common command-line options
hass -c /path/to/config          # Specify config directory
hass --script check_config       # Check configuration
hass --script ensure_config      # Create default config
hass --open-ui                   # Open web interface after start
hass --debug                     # Enable debug logging
hass --daemon                    # Run as daemon
hass --pid-file /var/run/hass.pid # Specify PID file

# Add to configuration.yaml
mqtt:
  broker: localhost
  port: 1883
  username: !secret mqtt_username
  password: !secret mqtt_password
  discovery: true
  discovery_prefix: homeassistant

# Add to configuration.yaml
mqtt:
  broker: localhost
  port: 1883
  discovery: true
  discovery_prefix: homeassistant

# zigbee2mqtt will automatically create devices

# Add to configuration.yaml (for Z-Wave JS)
zwave_js:
  url: "ws://localhost:3000"

# /etc/nginx/sites-available/homeassistant
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name homeassistant.example.com;
    return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}

server {
    listen 443 ssl http2;
    server_name homeassistant.example.com;

    ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/certs/homeassistant.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/private/homeassistant.key;
    ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
    ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA512:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA512:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8123;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
        proxy_buffering off;
    }
}

# /etc/apache2/sites-available/homeassistant.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName homeassistant.example.com
    Redirect permanent / https://homeassistant.example.com/
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:443>
    ServerName homeassistant.example.com
    
    SSLEngine on
    SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/homeassistant.crt
    SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/homeassistant.key
    SSLProtocol all -SSLv3 -TLSv1 -TLSv1.1
    SSLCipherSuite ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384

    ProxyPreserveHost On
    ProxyRequests Off
    ProxyPass / http://127.0.0.1:8123/
    ProxyPassReverse / http://127.0.0.1:8123/
    
    RewriteEngine on
    RewriteCond %{HTTP:Upgrade} websocket [NC]
    RewriteCond %{HTTP:Connection} upgrade [NC]
    RewriteRule ^/?(.*) "ws://127.0.0.1:8123/$1" [P,L]
</VirtualHost>

# /etc/caddy/Caddyfile
homeassistant.example.com {
    reverse_proxy 127.0.0.1:8123
    
    header {
        Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;
        X-Content-Type-Options nosniff
        X-Frame-Options DENY
        Referrer-Policy no-referrer-when-downgrade
    }
}

# docker-compose.yml for Traefik
version: '3.7'

services:
  traefik:
    image: traefik:v2.10
    command:
      - --api.dashboard=true
      - --entrypoints.web.address=:80
      - --entrypoints.websecure.address=:443
      - --providers.file.filename=/etc/traefik/dynamic.yml
    ports:
      - "80:80"
      - "443:443"
    volumes:
      - ./traefik.yml:/etc/traefik/dynamic.yml:ro
      - ./certs:/certs:ro

# traefik.yml
http:
  routers:
    homeassistant:
      rule: "Host(`homeassistant.example.com`)"
      service: homeassistant
      tls: {}
  
  services:
    homeassistant:
      loadBalancer:
        servers:
          - url: "http://127.0.0.1:8123"

# Add to configuration.yaml
homeassistant:
  auth_providers:
    - type: homeassistant
    - type: trusted_networks
      trusted_networks:
        - 192.168.1.0/24
        - 127.0.0.1
      trusted_users:
        192.168.1.0/24:
          - user_id_here

# Add to configuration.yaml
http:
  ssl_certificate: /etc/ssl/certs/homeassistant.crt
  ssl_key: /etc/ssl/private/homeassistant.key
  ssl_profile: modern
  server_port: 8123
  cors_allowed_origins:
    - https://cast.home-assistant.io

# Allow Home Assistant port
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=8123/tcp
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

# Create custom service
sudo tee /etc/firewalld/services/homeassistant.xml > /dev/null <<EOF
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<service>
  <short>Home Assistant</short>
  <description>Home Assistant automation platform</description>
  <port protocol="tcp" port="8123"/>
  <port protocol="udp" port="5353"/>
</service>
EOF

sudo firewall-cmd --reload
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=homeassistant
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

# Allow Home Assistant ports
sudo ufw allow 8123/tcp comment 'Home Assistant'
sudo ufw allow 5353/udp comment 'mDNS'

# Enable firewall
sudo ufw enable

# Add rules for Home Assistant
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 8123 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p udp --dport 5353 -j ACCEPT

# Save rules (command varies by distribution)
sudo iptables-save > /etc/iptables/rules.v4  # Debian/Ubuntu
sudo service iptables save  # RHEL/CentOS

# Allow Home Assistant to bind to port 8123
sudo setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect 1

# Create custom SELinux policy if needed
sudo ausearch -c 'hass' --raw | audit2allow -M homeassistant
sudo semodule -i homeassistant.pp

# Add to configuration.yaml
http:
  use_x_forwarded_for: true
  trusted_proxies:
    - 127.0.0.1
    - ::1
  ip_ban_enabled: true
  login_attempts_threshold: 5

# Enable additional security features
logger:
  default: warning
  logs:
    homeassistant.components.http.ban: warning

# Disable unnecessary integrations
default_config:

# Create long-lived access tokens in Home Assistant UI
# Navigate to Profile -> Long-Lived Access Tokens

# Use in external applications
Authorization: Bearer YOUR_LONG_LIVED_ACCESS_TOKEN

# configuration.yaml - SQLite is default, no configuration needed
recorder:
  db_url: sqlite:////opt/homeassistant/.homeassistant/home-assistant_v2.db
  purge_keep_days: 7
  auto_purge: true

# Install PostgreSQL
sudo dnf install -y postgresql postgresql-server  # RHEL/CentOS
sudo apt install -y postgresql postgresql-contrib  # Debian/Ubuntu

# Initialize and start PostgreSQL
sudo postgresql-setup --initdb  # RHEL/CentOS
sudo systemctl enable --now postgresql

# Create database and user
sudo -u postgres psql <<EOF
CREATE DATABASE homeassistant;
CREATE USER hass WITH PASSWORD 'secure_password';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE homeassistant TO hass;
\q
EOF

# configuration.yaml
recorder:
  db_url: postgresql://hass:secure_password@localhost/homeassistant
  purge_keep_days: 7
  auto_purge: true

# Install MariaDB
sudo dnf install -y mariadb-server  # RHEL/CentOS
sudo apt install -y mariadb-server  # Debian/Ubuntu

# Start and secure MariaDB
sudo systemctl enable --now mariadb
sudo mysql_secure_installation

# Create database and user
sudo mysql <<EOF
CREATE DATABASE homeassistant CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
CREATE USER 'hass'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'secure_password';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON homeassistant.* TO 'hass'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
EOF

# configuration.yaml
recorder:
  db_url: mysql://hass:secure_password@localhost/homeassistant?charset=utf8mb4
  purge_keep_days: 7
  auto_purge: true

# configuration.yaml
recorder:
  purge_keep_days: 3  # Reduce database size
  auto_purge: true
  commit_interval: 1
  exclude:
    domains:
      - automation
      - updater
    entity_globs:
      - sensor.weather_*

# Reduce logging
logger:
  default: warning

# Optimize frontend
frontend:
  javascript_version: latest

# Enable caching for better performance
http:
  use_x_forwarded_for: true
  trusted_proxies:
    - 127.0.0.1

# Cache static files
frontend:
  themes: !include_dir_merge_named themes
  extra_module_url:
    - /local/my-custom-card.js?v=1

# Increase swap file size
sudo dphys-swapfile swapoff
sudo sed -i 's/CONF_SWAPSIZE=100/CONF_SWAPSIZE=1024/' /etc/dphys-swapfile
sudo dphys-swapfile setup
sudo dphys-swapfile swapon

# Add to /boot/config.txt
gpu_mem=16
disable_overscan=1

# Use multiple workers for better performance
# Add to systemd service file
ExecStart=/opt/homeassistant/bin/hass -c "/opt/homeassistant/.homeassistant" --runner-threads 4

# Distribute load with nginx
upstream homeassistant {
    least_conn;
    server 127.0.0.1:8123;
    server 127.0.0.1:8124;  # Additional instance
}

# Add to configuration.yaml
system_health:

# Enable system monitor
sensor:
  - platform: systemmonitor
    resources:
      - type: disk_use_percent
        arg: /opt/homeassistant
      - type: memory_use_percent
      - type: processor_use
      - type: last_boot

# configuration.yaml
logger:
  default: info
  logs:
    homeassistant.core: debug
    homeassistant.components.mqtt: debug
    homeassistant.components.zwave_js: debug

# Log files location
# /opt/homeassistant/.homeassistant/home-assistant.log

# Enable Prometheus metrics
prometheus:
  namespace: hass

# Expose metrics on port 8123/api/prometheus
# Access with: curl http://localhost:8123/api/prometheus

# Install Grafana
sudo dnf install -y grafana  # RHEL/CentOS
sudo apt install -y grafana  # Debian/Ubuntu

# Configure Prometheus data source
# Import Home Assistant dashboard: https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/11693

# Check Home Assistant API
/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/check_http -H localhost -p 8123 -u /api/ -e 401

# Add to configuration.yaml
notify:
  - name: email
    platform: smtp
    server: smtp.gmail.com
    port: 587
    sender: alerts@example.com
    username: !secret email_username
    password: !secret email_password
    recipient: admin@example.com

automation:
  - alias: "System Health Alert"
    trigger:
      platform: numeric_state
      entity_id: sensor.processor_use
      above: 90
    action:
      service: notify.email
      data:
        title: "High CPU Usage"
        message: "CPU usage is {{ states('sensor.processor_use') }}%"

#!/bin/bash
# /usr/local/bin/homeassistant-backup.sh

BACKUP_DIR="/backup/homeassistant"
CONFIG_DIR="/opt/homeassistant/.homeassistant"
DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)

# Create backup directory
mkdir -p "$BACKUP_DIR"

# Stop Home Assistant
sudo systemctl stop homeassistant

# Create backup
tar -czf "$BACKUP_DIR/homeassistant_backup_$DATE.tar.gz" \
    -C "/opt/homeassistant" ".homeassistant"

# Start Home Assistant
sudo systemctl start homeassistant

# Keep only last 7 backups
find "$BACKUP_DIR" -name "homeassistant_backup_*.tar.gz" -mtime +7 -delete

echo "Backup completed: homeassistant_backup_$DATE.tar.gz"

#!/bin/bash
# Restore Home Assistant from backup

BACKUP_FILE="/backup/homeassistant/homeassistant_backup_20250916_120000.tar.gz"
CONFIG_DIR="/opt/homeassistant/.homeassistant"

# Stop Home Assistant
sudo systemctl stop homeassistant

# Backup current config (safety)
sudo mv "$CONFIG_DIR" "${CONFIG_DIR}.$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)"

# Restore from backup
sudo tar -xzf "$BACKUP_FILE" -C "/opt/homeassistant"

# Fix permissions
sudo chown -R homeassistant:homeassistant "$CONFIG_DIR"

# Start Home Assistant
sudo systemctl start homeassistant

echo "Restore completed from $BACKUP_FILE"

# Add to crontab for automated daily backups
sudo crontab -e

# Add this line for daily backups at 2 AM
0 2 * * * /usr/local/bin/homeassistant-backup.sh >> /var/log/homeassistant-backup.log 2>&1

# Test restore on separate system
# 1. Install Home Assistant on test system
# 2. Stop service
# 3. Replace config with backup
# 4. Start service and verify functionality
# 5. Test automations and integrations

# Verify backup integrity
tar -tzf /backup/homeassistant/homeassistant_backup_latest.tar.gz | head -20

# Check Python version
python3 --version
# Should be 3.10 or later

# If wrong version, install correct Python
sudo dnf install python3.11  # RHEL/CentOS
sudo apt install python3.11  # Debian/Ubuntu

# Install missing development tools
sudo dnf groupinstall "Development Tools"  # RHEL/CentOS
sudo apt install build-essential  # Debian/Ubuntu

# Ensure you're in the virtual environment
source /opt/homeassistant/bin/activate
# Check virtual environment is active
which python
# Should show: /opt/homeassistant/bin/python

# Check service status
sudo systemctl status homeassistant

# Check logs
sudo journalctl -u homeassistant -f

# Common issues:
# 1. Configuration errors
# 2. Port already in use
# 3. Permission problems

# Check configuration syntax
sudo -u homeassistant -H -s
cd /opt/homeassistant
source bin/activate
hass --script check_config -c .homeassistant

# Check what's using port 8123
sudo netstat -tlnp | grep 8123
sudo lsof -i :8123

# Kill conflicting process or change port in configuration.yaml

# Fix ownership
sudo chown -R homeassistant:homeassistant /opt/homeassistant

# Fix permissions
sudo chmod -R 755 /opt/homeassistant
sudo chmod -R 644 /opt/homeassistant/.homeassistant/*.yaml

# Check SELinux status
sestatus

# Fix SELinux contexts
sudo restorecon -Rv /opt/homeassistant
sudo setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect 1

# Check if service is running
sudo systemctl status homeassistant

# Check listening ports
sudo netstat -tlnp | grep python

# Check firewall
sudo firewall-cmd --list-all  # RHEL/CentOS
sudo ufw status  # Ubuntu/Debian

# Install and start Avahi
sudo dnf install avahi avahi-tools  # RHEL/CentOS
sudo apt install avahi-daemon avahi-utils  # Debian/Ubuntu
sudo systemctl enable --now avahi-daemon

# Test mDNS
avahi-browse -r _http._tcp

# Enable debug logging
# Edit configuration.yaml
logger:
  default: debug
  logs:
    homeassistant.core: debug
    homeassistant.components: debug

# Restart Home Assistant
sudo systemctl restart homeassistant

# Monitor logs
sudo journalctl -u homeassistant -f

# Common log locations
tail -f /opt/homeassistant/.homeassistant/home-assistant.log

# Filter specific components
grep "ERROR" /opt/homeassistant/.homeassistant/home-assistant.log
grep "WARNING" /opt/homeassistant/.homeassistant/home-assistant.log

# Check startup issues
sudo journalctl -u homeassistant --since "10 minutes ago"

# Switch to homeassistant user
sudo -u homeassistant -H -s
cd /opt/homeassistant
source bin/activate

# Update pip and Home Assistant
python -m pip install --upgrade pip
python -m pip install --upgrade homeassistant

# Check for breaking changes before updating
# Visit: https://www.home-assistant.io/blog/categories/release-notes/

# Restart service
sudo systemctl restart homeassistant

# Update all packages
python -m pip list --outdated
python -m pip install --upgrade package_name

# Or update all at once (use with caution)
python -m pip freeze | cut -d'=' -f1 | xargs python -m pip install --upgrade

# Before upgrading, always backup
/usr/local/bin/homeassistant-backup.sh

# Check breaking changes
# Visit release notes at: https://www.home-assistant.io/blog/

# Perform upgrade
sudo -u homeassistant -H -s
cd /opt/homeassistant
source bin/activate
python -m pip install --upgrade homeassistant

# Check configuration after upgrade
hass --script check_config -c .homeassistant

# Restart service
sudo systemctl restart homeassistant

# Create migration package
tar -czf homeassistant_migration.tar.gz \
    -C /opt/homeassistant .homeassistant \
    --exclude=.homeassistant/home-assistant.log \
    --exclude=.homeassistant/home-assistant_v2.db

# Copy SSL certificates if used
tar -czf ssl_certs.tar.gz /etc/ssl/private/homeassistant.*

# Install Home Assistant on new system
# Stop service
sudo systemctl stop homeassistant

# Extract configuration
sudo tar -xzf homeassistant_migration.tar.gz -C /opt/homeassistant
sudo chown -R homeassistant:homeassistant /opt/homeassistant/.homeassistant

# Update IP addresses and device paths in configuration
sudo -u homeassistant nano /opt/homeassistant/.homeassistant/configuration.yaml

# Start service
sudo systemctl start homeassistant

# Enable database purging
# Add to configuration.yaml
recorder:
  purge_keep_days: 7
  auto_purge: true

# Manual purge
sudo -u homeassistant -H -s
cd /opt/homeassistant
source bin/activate
hass --script purge_db --days 30

# Configure logrotate
sudo tee /etc/logrotate.d/homeassistant > /dev/null <<EOF
/opt/homeassistant/.homeassistant/home-assistant.log {
    daily
    missingok
    rotate 7
    compress
    notifempty
    copytruncate
    su homeassistant homeassistant
}
EOF

# Clear Home Assistant cache
sudo -u homeassistant rm -rf /opt/homeassistant/.homeassistant/.cache
sudo -u homeassistant rm -rf /opt/homeassistant/.homeassistant/deps

# Clear pip cache
sudo -u homeassistant python -m pip cache purge

# configuration.yaml
mqtt:
  sensor:
    - name: "Temperature Sensor"
      state_topic: "home/livingroom/temperature"
      unit_of_measurement: "°C"
      device_class: temperature
    
    - name: "Humidity Sensor"
      state_topic: "home/livingroom/humidity"
      unit_of_measurement: "%"
      device_class: humidity

  switch:
    - name: "Living Room Light"
      state_topic: "home/livingroom/light/state"
      command_topic: "home/livingroom/light/set"
      payload_on: "ON"
      payload_off: "OFF"

# Get states of all entities
curl -X GET \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer YOUR_TOKEN" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  http://localhost:8123/api/states

# Control a switch
curl -X POST \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer YOUR_TOKEN" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"entity_id": "switch.living_room_light"}' \
  http://localhost:8123/api/services/switch/turn_on

# Get specific entity state
curl -X GET \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer YOUR_TOKEN" \
  http://localhost:8123/api/states/sensor.temperature

# pip install homeassistant-api
import homeassistant.remote as remote

# Connect to Home Assistant
api = remote.API('localhost', 'YOUR_TOKEN', 8123)

# Get all states
states = remote.get_states(api)
for state in states:
    print(f"{state.entity_id}: {state.state}")

# Turn on a light
remote.call_service(api, 'switch', 'turn_on', {'entity_id': 'switch.living_room_light'})

# Get state of specific entity
state = remote.get_state(api, 'sensor.temperature')
print(f"Temperature: {state.state}°C")

# configuration.yaml
automation:
  - alias: "Webhook Triggered Action"
    trigger:
      platform: webhook
      webhook_id: your_webhook_id
    action:
      service: notify.mobile_app_your_phone
      data:
        message: "Webhook triggered with data: {{ trigger.json }}"

# URL to trigger webhook:
# POST http://localhost:8123/api/webhook/your_webhook_id

# Install Mosquitto MQTT broker
sudo dnf install mosquitto mosquitto-clients  # RHEL/CentOS
sudo apt install mosquitto mosquitto-clients  # Debian/Ubuntu

# Start MQTT broker
sudo systemctl enable --now mosquitto

# Install Node.js and npm
curl -fsSL https://rpm.nodesource.com/setup_18.x | sudo bash -
sudo dnf install -y nodejs

# Install Zigbee2MQTT
sudo npm install -g zigbee2mqtt

# Configure Zigbee2MQTT
sudo mkdir -p /opt/zigbee2mqtt
sudo tee /opt/zigbee2mqtt/configuration.yaml > /dev/null <<EOF
homeassistant: true
permit_join: false
mqtt:
  base_topic: zigbee2mqtt
  server: 'mqtt://localhost'
serial:
  port: /dev/ttyUSB0  # Adjust to your Zigbee dongle
advanced:
  network_key: GENERATE
  pan_id: GENERATE
EOF