drupal Installation Guide Installation Guide

drupal is a free and open-source content management framework. Drupal provides flexible CMS framework for ambitious digital experiences

Hardware Requirements:

CPU: 2+ cores

RAM: 1GB minimum

Storage: 2GB for data

Network: HTTP/HTTPS access

Operating System:

Linux: Any modern distribution (RHEL, Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS, Fedora, Arch, Alpine, openSUSE)

macOS: 10.14+ (Mojave or newer)

Windows: Windows Server 2016+ or Windows 10

FreeBSD: 11.0+

Network Requirements:

Port 80 (default drupal port)

None

Dependencies:

See official documentation for specific requirements

System Access: root or sudo privileges required

This guide supports installation on:

RHEL 8/9 and derivatives (CentOS Stream, Rocky Linux, AlmaLinux)

Debian 11/12

Ubuntu 20.04/22.04/24.04 LTS

Arch Linux (rolling release)

Alpine Linux 3.18+

openSUSE Leap 15.5+ / Tumbleweed

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) 15+

macOS 12+ (Monterey and later)

FreeBSD 13+

Windows 10/11/Server 2019+ (where applicable)

bash

# Install EPEL repository if needed
sudo dnf install -y epel-release

# Install drupal
sudo dnf install -y drupal

# Enable and start service
sudo systemctl enable --now drupal

# Configure firewall
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=80/tcp
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

# Verify installation
drupal --version

bash

# Update package index
sudo apt update

# Install drupal
sudo apt install -y drupal

# Enable and start service
sudo systemctl enable --now drupal

# Configure firewall
sudo ufw allow 80

# Verify installation
drupal --version

bash

# Install drupal
sudo pacman -S drupal

# Enable and start service
sudo systemctl enable --now drupal

# Verify installation
drupal --version

bash

# Install drupal
apk add --no-cache drupal

# Enable and start service
rc-update add drupal default
rc-service drupal start

# Verify installation
drupal --version

bash

# Install drupal
sudo zypper install -y drupal

# Enable and start service
sudo systemctl enable --now drupal

# Configure firewall
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=80/tcp
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

# Verify installation
drupal --version

bash

# Using Homebrew
brew install drupal

# Start service
brew services start drupal

# Verify installation
drupal --version

bash

# Using pkg
pkg install drupal

# Enable in rc.conf
echo 'drupal_enable="YES"' >> /etc/rc.conf

# Start service
service drupal start

# Verify installation
drupal --version

bash

# Using Chocolatey
choco install drupal

# Or using Scoop
scoop install drupal

# Verify installation
drupal --version

bash

# Create configuration directory
sudo mkdir -p /etc/drupal

# Set up basic configuration
# See official documentation for detailed configuration options

# Test configuration
drupal --version

bash

# Enable service
sudo systemctl enable drupal

# Start service
sudo systemctl start drupal

# Stop service
sudo systemctl stop drupal

# Restart service
sudo systemctl restart drupal

# Check status
sudo systemctl status drupal

# View logs
sudo journalctl -u drupal -f

bash

# Enable service
rc-update add drupal default

# Start service
rc-service drupal start

# Stop service
rc-service drupal stop

# Restart service
rc-service drupal restart

# Check status
rc-service drupal status

bash

# Enable in /etc/rc.conf
echo 'drupal_enable="YES"' >> /etc/rc.conf

# Start service
service drupal start

# Stop service
service drupal stop

# Restart service
service drupal restart

# Check status
service drupal status

bash

# Using Homebrew services
brew services start drupal
brew services stop drupal
brew services restart drupal

# Check status
brew services list | grep drupal

powershell

# Start service
net start drupal

# Stop service
net stop drupal

# Using PowerShell
Start-Service drupal
Stop-Service drupal
Restart-Service drupal

# Check status
Get-Service drupal

See the official documentation for advanced configuration options.

nginx

upstream drupal_backend {
    server 127.0.0.1:80;
}

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name drupal.example.com;
    return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}

server {
    listen 443 ssl http2;
    server_name drupal.example.com;

    ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/certs/drupal.example.com.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/private/drupal.example.com.key;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://drupal_backend;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
    }
}

apache

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName drupal.example.com
    Redirect permanent / https://drupal.example.com/
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:443>
    ServerName drupal.example.com
    
    SSLEngine on
    SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/drupal.example.com.crt
    SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/drupal.example.com.key
    
    ProxyRequests Off
    ProxyPreserveHost On
    
    ProxyPass / http://127.0.0.1:80/
    ProxyPassReverse / http://127.0.0.1:80/
</VirtualHost>

haproxy

frontend drupal_frontend
    bind *:80
    bind *:443 ssl crt /etc/ssl/certs/drupal.pem
    redirect scheme https if !{ ssl_fc }
    default_backend drupal_backend

backend drupal_backend
    balance roundrobin
    server drupal1 127.0.0.1:80 check

bash

# Set appropriate permissions
sudo chown -R drupal:drupal /etc/drupal
sudo chmod 750 /etc/drupal

# Configure firewall
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=80/tcp
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

# Enable SELinux policies (if applicable)
sudo setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect on

See official documentation for database configuration requirements.

bash

# Basic system tuning
echo 'net.core.somaxconn = 65535' | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65535' | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf
sudo sysctl -p

bash

# Check service status
sudo systemctl status drupal

# View logs
sudo journalctl -u drupal -f

# Monitor resource usage
top -p $(pgrep drupal)

bash

#!/bin/bash
# Basic backup script
BACKUP_DIR="/backup/drupal"
DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)

mkdir -p "$BACKUP_DIR"
tar -czf "$BACKUP_DIR/drupal-backup-$DATE.tar.gz" /etc/drupal /var/lib/drupal

echo "Backup completed: $BACKUP_DIR/drupal-backup-$DATE.tar.gz"

bash

# Stop service
sudo systemctl stop drupal

# Restore from backup
tar -xzf /backup/drupal/drupal-backup-*.tar.gz -C /

# Start service
sudo systemctl start drupal

1. Service won't start:

bash

# Check logs
sudo journalctl -u drupal -n 100
sudo tail -f /var/log/drupal/drupal.log

# Check configuration
drupal --version

# Check permissions
ls -la /etc/drupal

2. Connection issues:

bash

# Check if service is listening
sudo ss -tlnp | grep 80

# Test connectivity
telnet localhost 80

# Check firewall
sudo firewall-cmd --list-all

3. Performance issues:

bash

# Check resource usage
top -p $(pgrep drupal)

# Check disk I/O
iotop -p $(pgrep drupal)

# Check connections
ss -an | grep 80

yaml

version: '3.8'
services:
  drupal:
    image: drupal:latest
    ports:
      - "80:80"
    volumes:
      - ./config:/etc/drupal
      - ./data:/var/lib/drupal
    restart: unless-stopped

Maintenance

bash

# RHEL/CentOS/Rocky/AlmaLinux
sudo dnf update drupal

# Debian/Ubuntu
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade drupal

# Arch Linux
sudo pacman -Syu drupal

# Alpine Linux
apk update && apk upgrade drupal

# openSUSE
sudo zypper update drupal

# FreeBSD
pkg update && pkg upgrade drupal

# Always backup before updates
tar -czf /backup/drupal-pre-update-$(date +%Y%m%d).tar.gz /etc/drupal

# Restart after updates
sudo systemctl restart drupal

Regular Maintenance

bash

# Log rotation
sudo logrotate -f /etc/logrotate.d/drupal

# Clean old logs
find /var/log/drupal -name "*.log" -mtime +30 -delete

# Check disk usage
du -sh /var/lib/drupal

Official Documentation: https://docs.drupal.org/

GitHub Repository: https://github.com/drupal/drupal

Community Forum: https://forum.drupal.org/

Best Practices Guide: https://docs.drupal.org/best-practices

---

Note: This guide is part of the HowToMgr collection. Always refer to official documentation for the most up-to-date information.

1. Prerequisites

2. Supported Operating Systems

3. Installation

RHEL/CentOS/Rocky Linux/AlmaLinux

Debian/Ubuntu

Arch Linux

Alpine Linux

openSUSE/SLES

macOS

FreeBSD

Windows

Initial Configuration

Basic Configuration

5. Service Management

systemd (RHEL, Debian, Ubuntu, Arch, openSUSE)

OpenRC (Alpine Linux)

rc.d (FreeBSD)

launchd (macOS)

Windows Service Manager

Advanced Configuration

Reverse Proxy Setup

nginx Configuration

Apache Configuration

HAProxy Configuration

Security Configuration

Basic Security Setup

Database Setup

Performance Optimization

System Tuning

Monitoring

Basic Monitoring

9. Backup and Restore

Backup Script

Restore Procedure

6. Troubleshooting

Common Issues

Integration Examples

Docker Compose Example

Maintenance

Update Procedures

Regular Maintenance

Additional Resources

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